Walking tractor
Small tractors are suitable for current small-scale agricultural operations with purchasing power and usage conditions, and have strong vitality. Small tractors include walking tractors and small four-wheel tractors. At the end of 1993, there were over 80 factories producing small tractor products nationwide, producing 855000 small tractors, including over 382000 walking tractors.
（1） Large walking tractor
The 8.8 kilowatt (12 horsepower) walking tractor has been the main selling product in the walking tractor sales market for many years. The sales market is mainly in the central southern, eastern, and southwestern regions, while the demand for walking tractors in the northwest, northwest, northeast, and northern regions is relatively small. The main products of walking tractors are still four 8.8 kilowatt (12 horsepower) standardized products, including Dongfeng 12, Gongnong 12K, and Hongwei 12. With the development of the situation, the trend of small trailer development in the future is to expand upwards to 11 kW (15 horsepower) and 13.2 kW (18 horsepower), and downwards to 4.4 kW (6 horsepower) and 5.9 kW (8 horsepower).
（2） Small and medium-sized walking tractor
Medium size generally refers to 4.4-5.9 (6-8 horsepower); Small size generally refers to 2.2-3.7 kilowatts (3-5 horsepower). In the 1980s, with the reform of the rural economic system and the implementation of the contract responsibility system for joint production, the demand for small and medium-sized walking tractors rapidly increased. The main types of small walking tractors include GN-31, Danxia 4, Changjiang 51, Changjiang 31, Jiangxi TY-81, etc.
Wheeled tractor
Wheeled tractor
In 1993, there were a total of 13 large and medium-sized tractor manufacturers, producing 16 types of tractors, including 14 types of wheeled tractors, 2 types of tracked tractors, 2 types of skidding tractors, and 3 types of agricultural four-wheel drive tractors, with a power range of 18.4 to 58.9 kilowatts (25 to 80 horsepower). The annual production is 47000 units, of which 64% are wheeled tractors and 36% are tracked tractors. Small four-wheel tractor refers to a small wheeled tractor with a power of 8.8-11 kilowatts (12-15 horsepower), produced by more than 60 factories with an annual output of 421000 units. In 1993, the national agricultural machinery company sold 38500 large and medium-sized tractors and 351000 walking tractors.
（1） Small four-wheel tractor
Small four wheeled tractors have a history of production and use in China for over 20 years. In 1993, the number of small tractors was 3.71 million, accounting for 47% of the total number of small tractors. Due to its adaptability to the current rural production system and its contribution to short distance transportation in rural areas, it has developed rapidly in recent years. There are 7 basic models and more than 60 models of small four wheeled tractor products. The main models are Mount Taishan – 12, Changchun – 15, Xingtai – 120/140, Gongnong – 12C, Dongfanghong – 150/170/180, Tieniu – 120, Changchun – 15, Jiangsu – 120/150, Songjiang – 12, Jianghuai – 12, Hebei – 150, Mount Wutai – 150, Tianshui – 15, Xinjiang – 150, etc. Small four-wheel tractors are developing from 8.8 kilowatts to 11 kilowatts and 13.2 kilowatts, and in terms of structure, some models have changed from belt transmission to direct full gear transmission. 13.2 kilowatt small four-wheel tractors are available in models such as Fengshou-180/184, TY-180, and Jinma 180.
（2） 18.4 to 29.4 kW (25 to 40 horsepower) wheeled tractor
The 18.4 kilowatt (25 horsepower) wheeled tractor was a variant of the original Dongfanghong-20 wheeled tractor designed by China in the mid to late 1960s. The main manufacturers and models are: Mount Taishan – 25 tractor mainly for dry land operation is produced by Shandong Tractor Factory; Hubei Tractor Factory produces the Shenniu-25 tractor, which mainly operates in paddy fields and is used for both water and drought; The four wheel drive Benye 254 tractor produced by Ningbo Tractor Factory. The models derived from this level include Mount Taishan – 300 and Shenniu – 30 tractors with 22kW (30HP). The 800 and 900RS/DT series wheeled tractors imported by China First Tractor Engineering Machinery Co., Ltd. from Italy’s Gordoni Company, ranging from 19.1 to 29.4 kilowatts (26 to 40 horsepower). In addition, there is a modified product Changchun-400 from the original Dongfanghong-28 (20.6 kW) wheeled tractor, which is equipped with the 495A-5 diesel engine produced by Shanghai Internal Combustion Engine Factory without changing most of the original chassis components. The front and rear tires are changed, and the power is increased to 29.4 kW (40 horsepower).
（3） 36.8-47.8 kW (50-65 horsepower) wheeled tractor
The main production plants and models include the Shanghai 50 tractor produced by Shanghai Tractor Factory, which is used for both water and drought purposes. Its fourth modification is the Shanghai 50N tractor, and there is a Shanghai 504 four-wheel drive variant. The newly developed products include the introduction of Fiat (45-60 horsepower) tractors. The Tieniu-55C wheeled tractor produced by Tianjin Tractor Factory is the leading product of the factory, with variant products such as 55G loader, 55H roller, 55CW excavator, etc. The new product Tieniu-650 wheeled tractor, which has undergone significant improvements on the Tieniu-55 model, has increased its power from 40.4 kW (55 horsepower) to 47.8 kW (65 horsepower). Tianjin Tractor Factory also imported 2140 and 3140 tractors (80-100 horsepower) from Deere Company in the United States. Changchun 1140CN tractor (40 horsepower) produced by Changchun Tractor Factory.
Tracked tractor
Tracked tractor
This series is divided into 55-58.8 kW (75-80 horsepower) agricultural tracked tractors and agricultural and forestry wheeled tractors. The main production factories and models include: China First Tractor Engineering Machinery Company produces Dongfang Hong-75 tracked tractors, variant products Dongfang Hong-60TJ front push rear suspension tractors, Dongfang Hong-802 tracked tractors, and Dongfang Hong-LF90 series wheeled tractors. Dongfang Hong-802 tracked tractors are the replacement products of Dongfang Hong-75 tractors, The power has increased from 55 kW (75 horsepower) to 58.8 kW (80 horsepower). The Dongfanghong LF90 series wheel tractor is an imported Fiat 90 series wheel tractor chassis, equipped with engines designed by Ricardo Company. There are three types of tractors: LF60.90 (60 horsepower) and LF80.90 (100 horsepower). The 4450CL four-wheel drive 118 kW (160 horsepower) wheeled tractor produced by Shenyang Tractor Factory. The J-80 logging tractor is an articulated four-wheel drive tractor that is mainly used for logging operations in forest areas and can be comprehensively utilized. This aircraft has excellent off-road performance and strong climbing ability.
Machine tiller
Machine tiller
Machine plowing boats, also known as boat shaped tractors, are a new type of paddy field power machinery that is unique in China’s mechanized paddy field operations. They solve the problem of tractors not being able to descend into deep muddy paddy fields (including lake fields, retting fields, winter paddy fields, and coastal fields). Machine plowing boats are mainly used in southern paddy fields such as Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangdong.
Tiller
Tiller
The tiller was developed in the early 1980s as a simple small-scale farmland and machinery. It is a simple single axle tractor without a gearbox, with a power of 2.21-3.31 kW (3-4.5 horsepower). It is suitable for households with small fields, narrow ridges, crop “flower arrangement”, and field “flower arrangement”. It is widely used in provinces such as Hunan, Hubei, and Guangdong.
Agricultural transport vehicles
Agricultural transport vehicles
Agricultural transport vehicles are short distance transport vehicles suitable for use in China, which have Chinese characteristics, namely: their structure and performance are between tractors and cars, powered by diesel engines, small tonnage, medium to low speed, and low cost.
Tractor supporting agricultural tools
Tractor is a self-propelled agricultural power machinery that needs to be paired with various agricultural tools to complete corresponding operations. Therefore, agricultural machinery operating units should reasonably choose the supporting agricultural tools for tractors to fully play the role of tractors. We now offer 8.8 kW (12 horsepower) walking tractor, 8.8-11 kW (12-15 horsepower) small four-wheel tractor, 18.4 kW (25 horsepower) four-wheel tractor, 36.8 kW (50 horsepower) four-wheel tractor, 40.4-47.8 kW (55-65 horsepower) four-wheel tractor, and Dongfanghong-802 model.
拖拉机分类
手扶拖拉机
小型拖拉机适合当前农业小规模经营购买能力和使用条件，具有较强的生命力。小型拖拉机包括手扶拖拉机和小四轮拖拉机。1993年末全国生产小型拖拉机产品的工厂计80多家，生产小型拖拉机85.5万台，其中手扶拖拉机38.2万多台。
（一）大型手扶拖拉机
8.8千瓦（12马力）手扶拖拉机多年来一直是手扶销售市场的主销产品，销售市场以中南、华东、西南地区为主，西北，西北、东北、华北地区对手扶拖拉机的需求量相对较小。手扶拖拉机的主导产品仍然是东风－12、工农－12K、红卫－12等四种8.8千瓦（12马力）定型产品。随着形势的发展，今后小拖发展的趋势是上向11千瓦（15马力）、13.2千瓦（18马力），下向4.4千瓦（6马力）、5.9千瓦（8马力）延伸。
（二）中小型手扶拖拉机
中型一般指4.4～5.9（6～8马力）；小型一般指2.2～3.7千瓦（3～5马力）。80年代，随着农村经济体制改革、联产承包责任制的实行，对中小型手扶拖拉机的需求量迅速增加。小型手扶拖拉机的主要型有GN－31、丹霞－4、长江－51、长江－31、江西TY－81等。
轮式拖拉机
轮式拖拉机
1993年大中型拖拉机生产厂共13家，计生产16种型号的拖拉机，其中：轮式14种，履带式2种，集材型2种，农用四轮驱动型3种，功率范围从18.4～58.9千瓦（25～80马力）。年产量为4.7万台，其中轮式拖拉机占64%，履带式拖拉机占36%。小四轮拖拉机指功率8.8～11千瓦（12～15马力）的小型轮式拖拉机，生产厂60多家，年产量42.1万台。1993年全国农机公司系统销售大中型拖拉机3.85万台、手扶拖拉机35.1万台。
（一） 小四轮拖拉机
小四轮拖拉机在我国已有20多年的生产和使用历史，1993保有量为371万台，占小型拖拉机保有量的47%，由于它适应当前农村生产体制，有助于农村短距离运输，因而近几年发展迅猛，小四轮拖拉机产品有7种基型，60多种型号。主要机型有泰山－12、长春－15、邢台－120/140、工农－12C、东方红－150/170/180、铁牛－120、长春－15、江苏－120/150、松江－12、江淮－12、河北－150、五台山－150、天水－15、新疆－150等。小四轮拖拉机正在由8.8千瓦向11千瓦、13.2千瓦方向发展，结构方面部分机型由皮带传动改为直工全齿轮传动。13.2千瓦的小四轮拖拉机有丰收－180/184、TY－180、金马－180等机型。
（二）18.4～29.4千瓦（25～40马力）轮式拖拉机
18.4千瓦（25马力）轮式拖拉机是60年代中后期，我国首次自行设计的原东方红－20型轮式拖拉机的变型机型。主要的生产厂及机型有：山东拖拉机厂生产以旱地作业为主的泰山－25型拖拉机；湖北拖拉机厂生产以水田作业为主并水旱兼用的神牛－25型拖拉机；宁波拖拉机厂生产的四轮驱动奔野－254型拖拉机。这一等级派生的机型有22千瓦（30马力）的泰山－300型及神牛－30型拖拉机。中国第一拖拉机工程机械公司引进的意大利哥尔多尼公司800和900RS/DT系列19.1～29.4千瓦（26～40马力）轮式拖拉机。此外，还有原东方红－28型（20.6千瓦）轮式拖拉机的改型产品长春－400型，它是在原有底盘大部分零部件不变动的情况下，配装上海内燃机厂生产的495A－5型柴油机，变动前后轮胎，并将功率提高到29.4千瓦（40马力）。
（三）36.8～47.8千瓦（50～65马力）轮式拖拉机
主要的生产厂及型号有：上海拖拉机厂生产的水旱兼用的上海－50型拖拉机，其第四次改型为上第－50N型，并有上海－504型四轮驱动变型。新开发的产品有引进菲亚特（45～60马力）拖拉机。天津拖拉机厂生产的铁牛－55C型轮式拖拉机是该厂的主导产品，变型产品有55G型装载机、55H型压路机、55CW型挖掘机等，在铁牛－55型基础上经过重大改进的新产品铁牛－650型轮式拖拉机，其功率由40.4千瓦（55马力）加大到47.8（65马力）。天津拖拉机厂还引进美国迪尔公司的2140和3140型拖拉机（80～100马力）。长春拖拉机厂生产的长春－1140CN型拖拉机（40马力）。
履带式拖拉机
履带式拖拉机
本系列分为55～58.8千瓦（75～80马力）农用履带式拖拉机和农用及林业轮式拖拉机。主要生产厂及型号有：中国第一拖拉机工程机械公司生产的有东方红－75型履带式拖拉机、变型产品东方红－60TJ型前推后悬拖拉机、东方红－802型履带式拖拉机和东方红－LF90系列轮式拖拉机等，东方红－802型履带式拖拉机是东方红－75型拖拉机的换代产品，功率由55千瓦（75马力）加大到58.8千瓦（80马力）。东方红－LF90系列轮式拖拉机是引进菲亚特90系列轮式拖拉机底盘，配套里卡多公司设计的发动机，有LF60·90（60马力）型、LF80·90（100马力）型三种式拖拉机。沈阳拖拉机厂生产的4450CL型四轮驱动118千瓦（160马力）轮式拖拉机。J－80型集材拖拉机，用于林区原木作业为主并能综合利用的铰接式四轮驱动型拖拉机。该机具有优越的越野性能，爬坡能力强。
机耕船
机耕船
机耕船又称船形拖拉机，是我国水田机械化作业中独创的一种新型水田动力机械，解决了拖拉机不能下深泥脚水田（包括湖田、沤田、冬水田、海涂田等）的难题，机耕船主要使用地区为湖北、湖南、江西、广东等南方水田地区。
耕整机
耕整机
耕整机是80年代初发展是一种简单的小型农田和机械，它是一种无变速箱的简易单轴拖拉机，功率为2.21～3.31千瓦（3～4.5马力），适用于田块小、田埂窄、作物“插花”、田块“插花”的一家一户的农户，在湖南、湖北、广东等省使用较多。
农用运输车
农用运输车
农用运输车为适合我国使用条件的短途运输车辆，具有中国特点，即：结构和性能介于拖拉机和汽车之间以柴油机为动力、小吨位、中低车速、低成本的一种运输车。
拖拉机配套农具
拖拉机是一种自走农用动力机械，需要与各种农具配套才能完成相应的作业。因此，农机经营单位要合理选择拖拉机的配套农具，以充分发挥拖拉机的作用。现将8.8千瓦（12马力）手扶拖拉机、8.8～11千瓦（12～15马力）小四轮拖拉机、18.4千瓦（25马力）四轮拖拉机、36.8千瓦（50马力）四轮拖拉机、40.4～47.8千瓦（55～65马力）四轮拖拉机、东方红－802型。